Clocks form the core of most Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) systems, playing a pivotal role in enabling the precise deployment of both offensive and defensive capabilities in defence systems. They are indispensable for the navigation of autonomous vehicles and play a critical role in various logistics and transportation activities. However, the challenge arises from the fact that the most accurate clocks are large. In response to this issue, the demand for low SWAP (Size, Weight, and Power) in the realm of PNT has become increasingly crucial.

Leveraging photonic integrated chip technology, create a semiconductor chip advancement capable of reducing a clock from the size of a refrigerator to that of a postage stamp. This project aims to explore and develop on-chip narrow lines with lasers, a key element required for photonic integrated chip clocks, representing a promising avenue for achieving the necessary size reduction for PNT systems.